Powers (1979) pp. Eventually, in September 1967, the CIA under Helms went along with the military's lower number for the combat strength of the Vietnamese Communist forces. [359] Helms submitted his resignation to President Ford in the middle of October. Thus, writes author Tim Weiner, while not per se orchestrating the 1973 coup, the CIA worked for years, employing economic and other means, to seduce the army into doing so. The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS officer with a rank of Director General of Police. Helms (2003) pp. [64], Mossad allegedly assisted Morocco's domestic security service in the disappearance of dissident politician Mehdi Ben Barka in 1965. According to Spencer C. Tucker, "The number of civilians killed in the war will never be known with any accuracy; estimates vary widely, but the lowest figure given is 415,000. [116][117], According to one source, CIA Director Richard Helms "used his influence with Lyndon Johnson to warn about the growing dangers of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. But see below regarding Hmong refugees coming to the US. [430][431] Also in 1983, Helms gave a prepared speech on intelligence issues,[432] before dignitaries and five hundred invited guests gathered at a Washington awards banquet held in his honor. [52] Meir Dagan, who served as Director of Mossad from 2002 until 2009, while not taking credit for the assassinations, praised them in an interview with a journalist, saying "the removal of important brains" from the Iranian nuclear project had achieved so-called "white defections," frightening other Iranian nuclear scientists into requesting that they be transferred to civilian projects. 484485 ("personal anger about the CIA"), p. 501 ("liberal Georgetown set"). It recruits from "former soldiers from the elite IDF special force units. In what is thought to have been a reprisal action for a Hamas suicide-bombing in Jerusalem on July 30, 1997 that killed 16 Israelis, Benjamin Netanyahu authorised an operation against Khaled Mashal, the Hamas representative in Jordan. Sahib Karam Chand Jain remained its legal advisor when the department was transferred to the Home Department by the 1946 Delhi Special Police Establishment Act. [366] The September 1973 overthrow of a democratically elected government in Chile ultimately revealed earlier CIA involvement there. The fallout from the failed killing eventually led to the release of Sheik Ahmed Yassin, the founder and spiritual leader of the Hamas movement, and scores of Hamas prisoners. Bernadotte had long been involved with the Swedish Boy Scouts (Sveriges Scoutfrbund), and took over as director of the organization in 1937. He quotes Helms, "They have a very different turn of mind. "[40] However, "It is not known whether U.S. authorities thought the warning to be credible, or whether it contained enough details to allow counter-terrorism teams to come up with a response." [41] Only later did Lehi take responsibility for the killings in the name of Hazit Hamoledet (the Homeland Front), a name they copied from a war-time Bulgarian resistance group. "[231], When contemplating his administration's inheritance of the Vietnam War, Nixon understood the struggle in the context of the cold war. Accordingly, DCI Helms wound down many CIA activities, e.g., civic projects and paramilitary operations in Vietnam, and the "secret war" in Laos. "[405][406], Helms resigned from his post in Iran to face allegations brought by Carter's Justice Department that he had earlier misled Congress. The first public admission of Lehi's role in the killing was made on the anniversary of the assassination in 1977. Helms then had passed the information to President Johnson. The Mossad under Meir Dagan has undergone a revolution in terms of organization, intelligence and operations." Operation Entebbe, also known as the Entebbe Raid or Operation Thunderbolt, was a counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission carried out by commandos of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on 4 July 1976.. A week earlier, on 27 June, an Air France Airbus A300 jet airliner with 248 passengers had been hijacked by two members of the Popular Front for the [311][312] This had caused the dismissal of the then current ambassador, Joseph Farland. [439][440] President Richard Nixon, however, could find Helms pedantic and tiresome, because of his dull practice of reading his padded reports and 'news' at NSC meetings. Louis de Jong, 1972, reprinted in German translation: H-H. Wilhelm and L. de Jong. See section above "Elephant and Gorilla". "Schoolteacers were another target." [116], The alleged targeted killing of Wadie Haddad, using poisoned chocolate. xiixiii; p. 360, n6. Raymond Palmer. ", "Richard Helms: The Intelligence Professional Personified. Here Helms was given the Donovan Award. There the Algerian head of state Houari Boumedienne had translated the shah's French into Arabic for the negotiation. [48], Iranian Intelligence Minister Heydar Moslehi has accused Mossad of assassination plots and killings of Iranian physicists in 2010. Johnson agreed. After years shamelessly promoting antisemitism smears against Corbyn and his supporters, the BBC are now being targeted as antisemitic by the Jewish Chronicle, Jewish Leadership Council, Community Security Trust, Campaign Against Antisemitism, Tracy Ann Oberman and a mix of MPs. [35] Serot had swapped places in the motorcade to join Bernadotte and thank him personally for having saved his wife's life in a German concentration camp. Helms worked to finesse his critics. Under Dagan's watch, Mossad tripled its recruitment efforts, launching a website where people can apply to join. Sowan was found in possession of a large arms cache and was sentenced to eleven years in prison. [255][259], Thereafter, the CIA funneled millions of dollars to opposition groups, e.g., political parties, the media, and striking truck drivers, in a continuing, long-term effort to destabilize Chile's economy and so subvert the Allende administration. Helms (2003) pp. Ben-Moshe and Steinberg then rushed back and mounted the jeep, which quickly accelerated down a side road, while Cohen ran away from the scene across a roadside field.[34][36][37][38]. As the neutral party, Helms could come up with facts applicable to the issue at hand. This affected all CIA operations across the political-military landscape. Assistance in the defection and rescuing of the family of Munir Redfa, an Iraqi pilot who defected and flew his MiG-21 to Israel in 1966: "Operation Diamond". The Nixon administration, desiring to employ the existence of such Soviet threat to justify a new American antiballistic missile system, publicly endorsed the Defense point of view. [64], The assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh a senior Hamas military commander in Dubai, 2010, was suspected to be the work of Mossad, and there were eight Irish passports (six of which were used) fraudulently obtained by the Israeli embassy in Dublin, Ireland for use by alleged Mossad agents in the operation. During the Kennedy presidency, Dulles selected Helms to testify before Congress on Soviet-made forgeries. The OSO was incorporated into the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) when it was founded in 1947. Also, the apparent distortions and dishonesty concerning the reported progress of the war in Vietnam gravely eroded the public's previous tendency to put its trust in the word of USG officials. The Phoenix program once under Colby (19671971) was also turned over to Vietnamese direction and control. [30][31][32][33] "[180] A Senate historian of the CIA observes that "it was Kissinger rather than the DCIs who served as Nixon's senior intelligence advisor. [261] Although in policy disagreement with Nixon, Helms assumed the role of the "good soldier" in following his presidential instructions. 246249 (under Raborn as DDCI, LBJ ranch, DCI Raborn). With regard to the application of the Constitution, henceforth all USG agencies were expected to conform explicitly to usual principles of transparency. Yet Nixon sensed that Helms could still help or hurt him. [183][184][185], Very early in the Nixon administration it became clear that the President wanted Henry Kissinger to run intelligence for him and that the National Security Council staff in the White House, under Kissinger, would control the intelligence community. Helms was prosecuted in 1977. Provision of intelligence for the cutting of communications between Port Said and Cairo in 1956. He called it a "stupid idea" in a May 2011 conference. Following the 1961 Bay of Pigs fiasco, President Kennedy appointed John McCone as the new DCI, and Helms then became the DDP. My decision to remove the contested paragraph was based on the fact that the Agency's estimatethat the USSR was not attempting to create a first-strike capability as originally stated in the earlier detailed National Estimate would remain the Agency position. [2][full citation needed] This investigation was hampered severely by Helms having ordered the destruction of all files related to the CIA's mind control program in 1973.[3]. [34], A four-man team, consisting of Yehoshua Cohen, Yitzhak Ben-Moshe (Markovitz), Avraham Steinberg, and Meshulam Makover, ambushed Bernadotte's motorcade in Jerusalem's Katamon neighborhood. Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman helped facilitate the operation. The Bureau of Investigation traces its origins to the Special Police Establishment (SPE), a Central Government Police force, which was set up in 1941 by the Government of India to investigate bribery and corruption in transactions with the War and Supply Department of India. The Soviet. In exchange, the shah got changes in the border, and rights for Iranian pilgrims to visit Shi'a holy sites in Iraq. "Looking for meaning: lessons from Mossads failed adaptation to the post-Cold War era, 19912013. During the cattle ship's approach to Israel, it encountered a storm, during which Meir stood on the stern, praying to reach the shore safely. Colby (1978) p. 321 ("Just stay away from the whole damn thing"), p. 328 ("Helms' careful distancing of the Agency from Watergate"). [372] Thereafter, a long list of questionable CIA activities surfaced which caught the public's attention, and were nicknamed the family jewels. [367] Other factors contributed to the political unease, e.g., the prevalence of conspiracy theories about the Kennedy assassination, and the emergence of whistleblowers. It was criticized by the Central Information Commission and RTI activists, who said the blanket exemption violated the letter and intent of the RTI Act. At CIA Hood served in Central Europe during the 1940s and 1950s (chief of station), was a deputy of Angleton at counterintelligence, and before retiring in 1975 was "chief of operation for Latin America". [46], Years later, Cohen's role was uncovered by David Ben-Gurion's biographer Michael Bar Zohar, while Cohen was working as Ben-Gurion's personal bodyguard. After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. Cf., Shawcross (1988) at 161. [388], For Helms, the potential conflict became manifest with regard to his 1973 testimony about secret CIA activity during 1970 in Chile, ordered by President Nixon. 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