In Indian traditions, particularly Yoga, niyamas and their complement, Yamas, are recommended activities and habits for healthy living, spiritual enlightenment, and a liberated state of existence. [5], Shri Mataji described Sahaja Yoga as the pure, universal religion integrating all other religions. Along with sanas ("seated postures"), they are employed statically in the meditation and dynamically in the Nya practice of Hinduism. The name rsana is relatively recent; the pose itself is much older, but was known by other names. Sahaja Yoga v. Sahaja Yoga Ex-Members Network and SD Montford' Case No. An asana is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. This light melts everything in the dream into light, which is drawn into the HUM. Buddhist commentary from the 5th to 13th centuries CE contains the pacavidha niyama, the fivefold niyamas, in the following texts: In these texts the set of fivefold niyamas was introduced into commentarial discussions not to illustrate that the universe was intrinsically ethical, but as a list that demonstrated the universal scope of paicca-samuppda. This mudra is also known as tarjan mudr. The movement is active in forums such as the World Youth Conference[134] and TakingITGlobal which aim at discussing global issues, and ways of solving them. [15] Shivayoga Dipika, Sharada Tilaka, Vasishtha Samhita, Yoga Kalpalatika, Yajnavalkya Smriti and many others, each discuss ten Niyamas. Vishnudevananda was born Kuttan Nair in Kerala, South India, on 31 December 1927. In the first stage, the dreamer is told to become lucid in the dream. [103], From a clinical rather than corporate perspective, trials have been mainly conducted in India[104][105][106] and abroad[107][108][109] with symptomatic populations exhibiting traits of depression and anxiety that have seen significantly reduced remissions[110] compared to control groups. [3]:214 She described Sahaja yogis as adopting a low profile with uncommitted individuals to avoid unnecessary conflict. [3]:71 The technique taught emphasises the state of "thoughtless-awareness" that is said to be achieved. (2020),[91] as well asymptomatic healthy populations by Yunati et al.[92]. The Vajra mudr "thunder gesture" is the gesture of knowledge. [19], Mahamudra, the Great Seal, similarly has one heel pressed into the perineum; the chin is pressed down to the chest in Jalandhara Bandha, the Throat Lock, and the breath is held with the body's upper and lower openings both sealed, again to force the prana into the sushumna channel. He took sannyas, There is a great correspondence between dream yoga and illusory body. Short-term Sahaja Yoga meditation training modulates brain structure and spontaneous activity in the executive control network. During meditation, seekers of truth experience a state of self-realization produced by kundalini awakening, and this is accompanied by the experience of thoughtless awareness S Pines and T Gelblum (Translators from Arabic to English, 1966), Al-Brni (Translator from Sanskrit to Arabic, ~ 1035 AD), and Patajali, Andrea Acri (2012), Yogastra 1.10, 1.2123, and 2.9 in the Light of the Indo-Javanese Dharma Ptajala, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Volume 40, Issue 3, pages 259-276. Yoga as therapy is the use of yoga as exercise, consisting mainly of postures called asanas, as a gentle form of exercise and relaxation applied specifically with the intention of improving health. Vrata (): Fulfilling religious vows, rules and observances faithfully. This chapter contains the famous definitional verse (YS 1.2): YS 1.33-39 mentions seven practices to still the mind, the seventh being meditative absorption (YS 1.39), which is further explained in YS 1.40-51 and YS 3.1-12. In pictorials of Hry-ji in Japan the right hand is superimposed on the left. The oldest part of the Rig Veda Samhita was orally composed in north-western India between c. 1500 and 1200 BC, while book 10 of the Rig Veda, and the other Samhitas were composed between 1200 and 900 BCE more eastward, between the Yamuna and the Ganges rivers, the heartland of Aryavarta and the Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 c. 900 BCE). Etymology and meaning. This page was last edited on 7 October 2022, at 17:49. Here ideas and perceptions can be transformed, based on the aspirant's experience, understanding and sadhana (sustained practice), allowing a harmonious expression of one's inner qualities. [8], The word 'Sahaja' in Sanskrit has two components: 'Saha' is 'with' and 'ja' is 'born'. The Buddha is depicted teaching, while making the Dharmacakra Pravartana mudr. He refers to the three last limbs of yoga as samyama, in verses III.4 to III.5, and calls it the technology for "discerning principle" and mastery of citta and self-knowledge. [94], The five yamas or the constraints of the Yoga Sutras of Patajali bear an uncanny resemblance to the five major vows of Jainism, indicating influence of Jainism. It originated in India most likely in Gandhra and in China during the Northern Wei. [141], In 2005 the Belgian State organisation IACSSO (Informatie- en Adviescentrum inzake de Schadelijke Sektarische Organisaties) issued an advisory against Sahaja Yoga. The 'dream body' and the 'bardo body' have been identified with the 'vision body' (Tibetan: yid lus): In the bardo one hasthe yil (Wylie: yid lus), the vision body (yid, consciousness; lus, body). The Yoga-Kundalini Upanishad is a syncretistic yoga text related to the schools of Hatha and Mantra yoga.. Other Sanskrit texts treat kundalini as a technical term in tantric yoga, such as the a-cakra-nirpana and the Pduk-pacaka.These were translated in 1919 by John Woodroffe as The Serpent Power: The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga.He identifies the process of 25; English translation: Schmidt p. 631. [14] Vishnudevananda founded the Sivananda Ashram Yoga Retreat on Paradise Island in the Bahamas in 1967. [24] Later that same year, on 6 October, he took off with his co-pilot Bren Jacobson, who had been with him during the entire trip, from Tel Aviv to fly over the war-ridden Suez Canal and was buzzed by Israeli jets. [1] While some mudras involve the entire body, most are performed with the hands and fingers.[2]. It presents 6 cleansing methods, 32 asanas, 25 mudras and 10 pranayamas. Sahaja Yoga Meditation as a Family Treatment Program for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children. [3], Virtues are extensively discussed in various ancient and medieval era texts of Hinduism. [64][65][66] They also showed indications of a reduction in chaotic complexity in EEG measures over midline frontal and central regions, an indicator of a reduction in the interference of the default mode network (DMN). However, in tantric rituals, 108 mudras are used. [19] For example, Sriprashna Samhita discusses only one Niyama in verse 3.22, and that Niyama being Ahimsa. He was a student of Sivananda Saraswati, the founder of the Divine Life Society, and founded the Bihar School of Yoga in 1964. This page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 17:24. It is often confused with vitarka mudr, which it closely resembles. [126], Judith Coney has written of the challenge getting behind the "public facade" used by yogis within Sahaja Yoga, and that she discovered that members "disguised some of their beliefs" from the outside world. This experience of disembodied awareness continued, leading him to saints of that time such as Anandamayi Ma. A pilot study of a mental silence form of meditation for women in perimenopause. Bryant states that, to Patanjali, Yoga-practice "essentially consists of meditative practices culminating in attaining a state of consciousness free from all modes of active or discursive thought, and of eventually attaining a state where consciousness is unaware of any object external to itself, that is, is only aware of its own nature as consciousness unmixed with any other object. Swami Vivekananda translates the sutra as "Yoga is restraining (nirodhah) the mind-stuff (citta) from taking various forms (vrittis)." The name virasana is ancient, being found in the 8th century Patanjalayogashastravivarana (2.46-48) and the 13th century Vasishthasamhita (1.72), but in those texts the description is of a cross-legged meditation seat. [84][85][86], Karel Werner writes, "Patanjali's system is unthinkable without Buddhism. In Thailand and Laos, this mudra is associated with the Walking Buddha, sometime also shown having both hands making a double abhaya mudra that is uniform. They present yoga as a lifestyle to enhance the quality of life, including one's daily activities, interactions, thoughts and emotions, rather than reducing it to a practice or philosophy. Yoga is the inhibition of the modifications of the mind. In the Kagyu 'Lineage of the Four Commissioners' (Tibetan: Ka-bab-shi-gyu-pa), the lineage stream of dream yoga is identified as originating from the Dharmakaya Buddha Vajradhara.The Dharmakaya, synonymous with Vajradhara Buddha, is the source of all the manifestations of enlightenment. In India, varada mudra is used by both seated and standing figures, of Buddha and boddhisatvas and other figures, and in Hindu art is especially associated with Vishnu. Classical Skhya: an interpretation of its history and meaning, By Gerald James Larson, Reconciling yogas: Haribhadra's collection of views on yoga. [27], According to Wujastyk, referencing Maas, Patanjali integrated yoga from older traditions in Ptajalayogastra, and added his own explanatory passages to create the unified work that, since 1100 CE, has been considered the work of two people. [19] The niyama of Vrata means making and keeping one's vows (resolutions), which may be pious observances. [7][3], Religious sociologist Judith Coney[123] has reported facing a challenge in getting behind what she called "the public facade" of Sahaja Yoga. Effects of long-term meditation practice on attentional biases towards emotional faces: An eye-tracking study. It is a registered organization in countries such as Colombia,[129] the United States of America,[130] and Austria. This will lighten one's sleep. In yoga, there are more than 399 mudras mentioned in different texts and by different yogis. It further claims that this awareness is eternal, and once this awareness is achieved, a person cannot ever cease being aware; this is moksha, the soteriological goal in Hinduism. [12] An example of the application of the Vajra mudr is the seventh technique (out of nine) of the Nine Syllable Seals. [114], Many commentaries have been written on the Yoga Sutras. The Sanskrit word ntha literally means "lord, protector, master". [142] The advisory categorizes Sahaja Yoga as a synretic cult ("syncretische cultus") based on the Hindu tradition, and warns that the recruitment techniques used by Sahaja Yoga pose a risk to the public in general and young people in particular. [1] He wrote over 80 books, including the popular 1969 manual Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha. [3]:184 Nevertheless, in interviews with ex-members Judith Coney heard various complaints from ex-members, including that they had experienced unwanted arranged marriage, had been dismayed by the difference between the reality of the movement and what they had expected, and had found their time in the movement frightening. 1.4. The Yoga Sutras incorporated the teachings of many other Indian philosophical systems prevalent at the time. [3]:119 Coney writes that the ideal of womanhood promoted within Sahaja Yoga draws both on the ideal wifely qualities of the goddess Lakshmi and on wider Hindu traditions. They aim at reconditioning and fine tuning the various aspects of the aspirant's personality. [19], In reaction to a vision of a world in peril, Vishnudevananda began his peace mission. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 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