[55] The participation of the U.S. and Western European governments continued until the 1979 Iranian Revolution. After an assessment of damages, no casualties were reported. Written opposition to instruments in worship began near the turn of the 5th century. The absorbance reading of crocin is known as the "colouring strength" of that saffron. Curbside pickup available. On their 1966 album titled Album, Peter, Paul and Mary included the song "Norman Normal". [81] Since 21 May 1980, Switzerland has been the protecting power for the United States in Iran. [58][59], A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theatre that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theatres in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. Despite attempts at quality control and standardisation, an extensive history of saffron adulteration, particularly among the cheapest grades, continues into modern times. At the same time, high-level officials in the State Department believed the revolution was unstoppable. The ILSA was renewed for five more years in 2001. Dennis Kucinich stated in an April 18, 2006, letter to Bush that PEJAK was supported and coordinated by the United States, since it is based in Iraq, which is under the de facto control of American military forces. Iranian explanations include everything from the natural and unavoidable conflict between the Islamic Revolution on the one hand, and perceived American arrogance[9] and desire for global hegemony on the other. [280], On 12 May, four commercial ships, including two Saudi Aramco oil tankers, were damaged near the port of Fujairah in the Gulf of Oman. [26] The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. The stone is a Golconda diamond, possibly mined in the Kollur Mine in India. Seeing Like a State: An Essay on the Historiography of Modern Iran.. United States Special Operations Forces have been conducting cross-border operations from southern Iraq, with Presidential authorization, since 2007. [185], In September 2008, The Guardian reported that the US vetoed Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert's plan to bomb Iranian nuclear facilities the previous May. "[127] However, available evidence casts doubt on the genuineness of this proposal, which may have merely been an invention of Guldimann, who sought to promote U.S.Iran rapprochement. Both the United States and Iran are parties to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The force has made a great deal of sacrifice in order to stand against the US and Israeli hegemony in the region. [11], Over a century later in 1738 Nadir Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, following the overthrow of the Safavid dynasty of Persia two years earlier began raiding into Mughal territory before soon launching a full-scale invasion of India. [239] In September 2017, speaking to the UN General Assembly, the countries presidents exchanged offensive remarks and expressed opposing views on the JCPOA. [292] On 28 May, the International Atomic Energy Agency certified that Iran was abiding by the main terms of the JCPOA, although questions were raised on how many advanced centrifuges Iran was allowed to have, as that was only loosely defined in the deal. [108] Bush's national security advisor Brent Scowcroft said in late 1991 it might be possible to take Iran off the terrorist list, reduce economic sanctions, and further compensate Iranians for the shooting down of an Iranian civilian Airbus jet with a missile launched by a United States ship in July 1988, by mistake. [19] The two countries came close to open conflict during the 20192021 Persian Gulf crisis. Saffron's colouring strength can range from lower than 80 (for all category IV saffron) up to 200 or greater (for category I). [324] On 19 November 2019, the United States expressed its support for the protesters and condemned the Iranian government. [29] When Iran's government ordered Shu'a al-Saltaneh ( ), the Shah's brother who was aligned with the goals of Imperial Russia in Iran, to surrender his assets, Shuster moved to execute the seizure. A Voices Only album has been released every year since 2005. Established by the British in the early 20th century, the company shared profits (85% for Britain, and 15% for Iran), but the company withheld their financial records from the Iranian government. "[129] Iranian and U.S. officials were engaged in a series of secret, high-level negotiations during 2003, and Iran's UN ambassador Mohammad Javad Zarif had met with U.S. diplomat Zalmay Khalilzad on May 3one day prior to the State Department receiving the alleged "Grand Bargain. Nothing can do that except of the powerful hand of God. he added "The IRGC's reaction was a military blow, but even beyond, it was a blow to the U.S. image as a superpower. The tankers' voyage come after Venezuela's president Nicols Maduro had already turned to Iran for help flying in chemicals needed at an aging refinery amid a petrol shortage, a symptom of the wider economic and political chaos gripping Latin America's one-time largest oil producer. Formal theory. [182], A former Iranian diplomat, Nosratollah Tajik, was arrested in the UK and accused by the United States of smuggling arms. Valentine Ball in Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, Crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, "Bhadrakali temple in Warangal and its connection with the Kohinoor diamond", "Bhadhrakali Temple of Warangal The Original Home Of Kohinoor Diamond? Other composers that utilized the a cappella style, if only for the occasional piece, were Claudio Monteverdi and his masterpiece, Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata (A lover's tears at his beloved's grave), which was composed in 1610,[7] and Andrea Gabrieli when upon his death many choral pieces were discovered, one of which was in the unaccompanied style. In a letter to the prime minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the prime minister of the United Kingdom, James Callaghan, wrote, "I need not remind you of the various hands through which the stone has passed over the past two centuries, nor that explicit provision for its transfer to the British crown was made in the peace treaty with the Maharajah of the Sikh Empire in 1849. Haden has also released a cappella versions of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", The Beach Boys' "God Only Knows" and Michael Jackson's "Thriller". [170] Biden sent a follow-up letter to the White House asking for an explanation on the matter. In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. The ship had a difficult voyage: an outbreak of cholera on board when the ship was in Mauritius had the locals demanding its departure, and they asked their governor to open fire on the vessel and destroy it if there was no response. [9][10] Babur, the Turco-Mongol founder of the Mughal Empire, wrote about a "famous" diamond that weighed just over 187 old carats approximately the size of the 186-carat Koh-i-Noor. The 52 American diplomats were held hostage for 444 days. Salehi was also quoted as saying "We have no plan to begin any irrational act but we are ready against any threat. In January 1998, newly elected Iranian President Mohammad Khatami called for a "dialogue of civilizations" with the United States in a CNN interview. 11 2. [12] Divine Liturgies and Western Rite masses composed by famous composers such as Peter Tchaikovsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Arkhangelsky, and Mykola Leontovych are fine examples of this. Create a stylish space with home accessories from West Elm. [109] The next year, the American Congress passed the Iran-Libya Sanctions act, designed to prevent other countries from making large investments in Iranian energy. It is part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.The diamond is currently set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.. [8] In the 1970s, approximately 25,000 American technicians were deployed to Iran in order to maintain military equipment (such as F-14s) that had been sold to the Shah's government. The act was denounced by the European Union as invalid,[110] but it blocked some investment for Iran. Staff Report, Washington, DC, Mehta, S. (2015). A glass model of the Koh-i-Noor shows visitors how it looked when it was brought to the United Kingdom. Get the latest health news, diet & fitness information, medical research, health care trends and health issues that affect you and your family on ABCNews.com [304][305], On June 22, it was reported that President Trump had approved cyber attacks that disabled IRGC computer systems used to control rocket and missile launches the night of the drone-downing. crucial roles as well.". Consumers may regard certain cultivars as "premium" quality. This lack of information makes it hard for customers to make informed choices when comparing prices and buying saffron. American policies created a feeling in Iran that the United States was on Mossadeq's side and optimism that the oil dispute would soon be settled with "a series of innovative proposals to settle" the dispute, giving Iran "significant amounts of economic aid". [401], On July 16, 2022, Iran announced that it sanctioned 61 additional Americans, including former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, for supporting an Iranian dissident group. [216][217] However, he rejected US President Barack Obama's request for a meeting with him. In December 2009, a new television competition series called The Sing-Off aired on NBC. Contacts are carried out through the Iranian Interests Section of the Pakistani Embassy in Washington, D.C.,[1] and the US Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Tehran. It had also sought their arrest through Interpol, the international police organisation. [116] Similarly, the spread of Islamic civilisation may have helped reintroduce the crop to Spain and Italy. Iran issued an arrest warrant for 36 U.S. political and military officials, including President Trump, for their role in the assassination of Qasem Soleimani. ", Gasiorowski, Mark J. [71], The musical show Strepsils Stereo is credited for introducing the art of a cappella in Pakistan. [27], On 17 July 1852, the cutting began at the factory of Garrard & Co. in Haymarket, using a steam-powered mill built specially for the job by Maudslay, Sons and Field. "[44], Following the coup, the United States financed the re-installed Shah. ", "President says his letter to President Bush was invitation to Islam. [92] Ancient perfumers in Egypt, physicians in Gaza, townspeople in Rhodes,[107] and the Greek hetaerae courtesans used saffron in their scented waters, perfumes and potpourris, mascaras and ointments, divine offerings, and medical treatments. [84] In search for a new set or order in this region, Washington adopted a policy designed to contain both sides economically and militarily. [35] Its main aroma-active compounds are safranal the main compound responsible for saffron aroma 4-ketoisophorone, and dihydrooxophorone. The New York Times reported that lawmakers were leery of assertions of Iranian links to al-Qaeda, notably due to concerns that the administration may be using specious assertions to build a case for military action against Iran based on the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terroristssupposed links between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda were used as partial justification to invade Iraq in 2003. Spanish growers fought hard for Protected Status because they felt that imports of Iranian saffron re-packaged in Spain and sold as "Spanish Mancha saffron" were undermining the genuine La Mancha brand. All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a parody of the men's groups: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College (1936), the Night Owls of Vassar College (1942), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cat can either be a house cat, a farm cat, or a feral cat; the feral cat ranges freely and avoids human contact. The US Consulate at Arg e Tabriz sits in the line of fire during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Today the BHS has about 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States and Canada,[67][68] and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries. [36] Crocins themselves are a series of hydrophilic carotenoids that are either monoglycosyl or diglycosyl polyene esters of crocetin. Upon flowering, the plants are 2030cm (812in) in height and bear up to four flowers. Italian growers optimise thread yield by planting 15cm (6in) deep and in rows 23cm (341+14in) apart; depths of 810cm (34in) optimise flower and corm production. "[106] However, in 1990, The Washington Post listed Lustig's awards as one being for his entire tour from 1984 to 1988 and the other for his actions relating to the surface engagement with Iranian gunboats. Political relations between Iran (Persia) and the United States began when the Shah of Iran, Nassereddin Shah Qajar, officially dispatched Iran's first ambassador, Mirza Abolhasan to Washington, D.C., in 1856. Arrangements of popular music for small a cappella ensembles typically include one voice singing the lead melody, one singing a rhythmic bass line, and the remaining voices contributing chordal or polyphonic accompaniment. [379][380], On March 13, 2022, Iran launched a dozen ballistic missiles toward Iraq's northern city of Erbil, an unprecedented strike on the capital of the autonomous Iraqi Kurdish region that appeared to be aimed at the US and its allies. [306], On June 23, Iranian Major general Gholam Ali Rashid warned the U.S. of "uncontrollable" consequences should a conflict breakout. American Memorial School in Tabriz, established in 1881, During the Persian Constitutional Revolution in 1909, an American named Howard Baskerville died in Tabriz while fighting with a militia in a battle against royalist forces. By contrast, the United States was seen as a more trustworthy foreign powers, and the Americans Arthur Millspaugh and Morgan Shuster were even appointed treasurers-general by the Shahs of the time. "[46][47], An a cappella tradition was begun in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The biblical books of Chronicles, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, contain references to the life and experiences of Jews in Persia.In the book of Ezra, the Persian kings are credited with permitting and enabling the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their Temple; its reconstruction was [28] And it is here on the head of one of the peacocks on the throne that Nader Shah's biographer Muhammad Maharvi first records seeing the Koh-i-Noor in the 1740s along with other prominent gems, such as the great Timur Ruby and the Daria-i-Noor. Gamboge is also used to dye the robes. [52] Various "boutique" crops are available from New Zealand, France, Switzerland, England, the United States, and other countriessome of them organically grown. A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English college groups. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. [161] They state that Bush sought up to $400million for these military operations, which were described in a secret Presidential Finding and are designed to destabilize Iran's religious leadership. American industrial and business leaders were supportive of Iran's drive to modernize its economy and to expel British and Russian influence from the country. The history of the Jews in Iran dates back to late biblical times (mid-1st millennium BC). After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. This also brought free travel between the countries as well as an end to the American embargo of Iranian carpets and pistachios. [citation needed], In January 2008, American officials accused Iran of harassing and provoking their naval vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, but Iran denied the claim. The American nation is made up of 300 million people. [51], The various saffron crocus cultivars give rise to thread types that are often regionally distributed and characteristically distinct. Read latest breaking news, updates, and headlines. [30], After Nadir Shah was killed and his empire collapsed in 1747, the Koh-i-Noor fell to his grandson, who in 1751 gave it to Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Afghan Empire, in return for his support. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said President Trump's decision not to renew the waivers showed his administration was "dramatically accelerating our pressure campaign in a calibrated way that meets our national security objectives while maintaining well supplied global oil markets". [74] The Afghan claim derives from Shah Shuja Durrani's memoirs, which states he surrendered the diamond to Ranjit Singh while Singh was having his son tortured in front of him, so he argued that the Maharajah of Lahore acquired the stone illegitimately. At a briefing in Bahrain, Vice Admiral Mark Fox told reporters the US Navy's Fifth Fleet could prevent Iran from blocking the Strait of Hormuz. A REVIEW", "Farmers Pitch For GI Tag For Kashmiri Saffron, World's Most Expensive Spice", "nside Abruzzo, Italy's Unsung Culinary Destination", "Giovani recuperano terreni La crisi? The United States State Department states that weapons are smuggled into Iraq and used to arm Iran's allies among the Shiite militias, including those of the anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr and his Mahdi army. Legend in the Lawrence family has it that before the voyage, John Lawrence left the jewel in his waistcoat pocket when it was sent to be laundered, and was most grateful when it was returned promptly by the valet who found it.[52]. This ended trade, which had been growing following the end of the IranIraq War. [40], After Ranjit Singh's death, Beli Ram refused to send the diamond to the temple, and hid it in his vaults. During a speech in Israel, John Bolton said Iran should not "mistake U.S. prudence and discretion for weakness," emphasizing that future military options are not ruled out and that Trump had only "stopped the strike from going forward at this time". "Iran has 3,000 ballistic missiles, many that can reach Israel - US general [141], In November 2006, Ahmadinejad wrote an open letter to the American people,[142] stating that dialogue was urgently needed because of American activities in the Middle East and that the United States was concealing the truth about relations. [95] Saffron threads would thus be scattered across beds and mixed into hot teas as a curative for bouts of melancholy. Saffron is somewhat more resistant to heat. [190], In April 2009, Iranian-American journalist Roxana Saberi was sentenced to eight years in prison after being convicted of spying for the United States. In addition, the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (ILSA) imposed mandatory and discretionary sanctions on non-American companies investing more than $20million annually in the Iranian oil and natural gas sectors. [23] Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert". According to scholar Homa Katouzian, this put the United States "in the contradictory position of being regarded" by the Iranian public because of the 1953 coup "as the chief architect and instructor of the regime," while "its real influence" in domestic Iranian politics and policies "declined considerably". [57], in 2015, an a cappella version of Jerusalem by multi-instrumentalist Jacob Collier was selected for Beats by Dre "The Game Starts Here" for the England Rugby World Cup campaign. [320] Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Seyed Abbas Araghchi denied any of the country's drones had been brought down. In addition to descriptions based on how the saffron is picked, saffron may be categorised under the international standard ISO 3632 after laboratory measurement of crocin (responsible for saffron's colour), picrocrocin (taste), and safranal (fragrance or aroma) content. [3] "There will be no war, nor will we negotiate with the US" and "Even if we everimpossible as it isnegotiated with the US, it would never ever be with the current US administration," Khamenei said. Today, the diamond is on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. The United States presented audio and video footage of the incident, which included threats made to the Americans. [86] The IranIraq War ended with both agreeing to a ceasefire in 1988. [citation needed], On 3 January 2020, the U.S. assassinated the Iranian General Qasem Soleimani with an airstrike in Iraq. It is typically created by women for women and is distinct from homoerotic media marketed to gay "[79], In 2000, the Taliban's foreign affairs spokesman, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, said the Koh-i-Noor was the legitimate property of Afghanistan, and demanded for it to be handed over to the regime. The Kurdistan Regional Government also expressed their disapproval. The Shah, suffering from terminal cancer, requested entry into the United States for treatment. Italian varieties are slightly more potent than Spanish. The Persians again sought the US for help in straightening out its finances after World War I. [102] Monks' robes are dyed the same colour to show equality with each other, and turmeric or ochre were the cheapest, most readily available dyes. Sanctions relief under the terms of the deal freed over 100billion dollars in frozen assets overseas for Iran and increased foreign access to the Iranian economy. The resolution welcomed "Iran's reaffirmation in the JCPOA that it will under no circumstances ever seek, develop or acquire any nuclear weapons". Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. The Pentagon said the buildup was in response to "heightened Iranian readiness to conduct offensive operations. | India.com", "Fascinating history of world's best diamonds", "Koh-i-Noor: Six myths about a priceless diamond", "The Koh-i-Noor diamond is in Britain illegally. "[42] Gasiorowski concludes the study; "Consequently, while the An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Since then, Iran has been at the vanguard of countries actively challenging the US-led world order. [96] During his Asian campaigns, Alexander the Great used Persian saffron in his infusions, rice, and baths as a curative for battle wounds. Each year, hundreds of Collegiate a cappella groups submit their strongest songs in a competition to be on The Best of College A Cappella (BOCA), an album compilation of tracks from the best college a cappella groups around the world. A three-pronged style 2530mm (11+316in) in length, emerges from each flower. Gulab Singh held onto the stone until January 1841, when he presented it to emperor Sher Singh in order to win his favour,[44] after his brother Dhian Singh negotiated a ceasefire between Sher Singh and the overthrown empress Chand Kaur. Harvests are by necessity a speedy affair: after blossoming at dawn, flowers quickly wilt as the day passes. Confectioneries and liquors also often include saffron. [29][4] One of his consorts is even noted to have said, "If a strong man were to throw four stones one north, one south, one east, one west, and a fifth stone up into the air and if the space between them were to be filled with gold, all would not equal the value of the Koh-i-Noor". "[76], In April 2016, the Indian Culture Ministry stated it would make "all possible efforts" to arrange the return of the Koh-i-Noor to India. From 1942 US troops were involved in the operation of this Persian Corridor. In the US, Pennsylvania Dutch saffronknown for its "earthy" notesis marketed in small quantities.[53][54]. The Psalms note that some early songs were accompanied by string instruments, though Jewish and Early Christian music was largely a cappella;[5] the use of instruments has subsequently increased within both of these religions as well as in Islam. A popular phrase that beat boxers use to begin their training is the phrase "boots and cats". Amir Kabir, Prime Minister under Nasereddin Shah, also initiated direct contacts with the American government in Washington. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. In November 2018, all the sanctions removed in 2015 were re-imposed on Iran by the Trump administration. Its use in foods and dyes subsequently spread throughout South Asia. "[100], The Minoans portrayed saffron in their palace frescoes by 16001500 BC; they hint at its possible use as a therapeutic drug. Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "Iran Must Abandon Nuclear Weapons Ambitions, Says U.S. Official - US Department of State", Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Resolution adopted on 24 September 2005, "Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)", "US demands drastic action as Iran nuclear row escalates", Kucinich Speaks Out Against House Bill That Lays The Ground Work For War Against Iran, "The United States Secret War Against Iran", "Chapter 6 -- State Sponsors of Terror Overview", "McConnell Cites 'Overwhelming Evidence' of Iran's Support for Iraqi Insurgents", "Iran Playing 'Destabilizing Role' in Iraq", "Al-Maliki: Iraq won't be battleground for U.S., Iran", "Iraq crisis: Iran and US join fight against Sunni jihadis of Isis", Senators fear Iraq war may spill to Iran, Syria, "Inter Press Service News and Views from the Global South", "Official Version of Naval Incident Starts to Unravel", "Did a Radio Prank Escalate Iran-U.S. "[361][362] During a press conference on 22 April, Pompeo said: "The Iranians have consistently said that these missile programs were disconnected from their military, that these were purely commercial enterprises. According to ethnomusicologist Joshua S. Dunchan, "BOCA carries considerable cache and respect within the field despite the appearance of other compilations in part, perhaps, because of its longevity and the prestige of the individuals behind it. In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found. It is part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.The diamond is currently set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.. Real Spanish-grown La Mancha saffron has PDO protected status and this is displayed on the product packaging. Grading standards are set by the International Organization for Standardization, a federation of national standards bodies. [318], Following the drone shoot-down, the U.S. continued unabated to deploy military assets to the region. Most of these words were not directly borrowed from Sanskrit. The 50 per cent price rise from 10,000 to 15,000 riyals per litre led to an outbreak of violent protests across the country. [69], During the Second World War, the Crown Jewels were moved from their home at the Tower of London to Windsor Castle. [315] On June 24, Trump told reporters that he did not need congressional consent for an initial strike on Iran. [250], On 7 March 2019, Acting U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Jonathan Cohen, in a letter to Secretary-General Antnio Guterres, urged the United Nations to put new sanctions on Iran for its new missile activities. Perfect Harmony features the hit music of The Jackson 5, Pat Benatar, Billy Idol, Marvin Gaye, Scandal, Tiffany, The Romantics, The Pretenders, The Temptations, The Contours, The Commodores, Tommy James & the Shondells and The Partridge Family, and has been compared to a cross between Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee.[63][64]. [354] Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei claimed that the virus was genetically targeted at Iranians by the US, and this is why it is seriously affecting Iran. [72], The Government of India first demanded the return of the Koh-i-Noor as soon as independence was granted in 1947. The friendly relations between the United States and Iran lasted until the 1950s. The United States Air Forces Central Command announced that F-15C Eagle fighter jets were repositioned within the region to "defend U.S. forces and interests in the region. Saffron's colouring strength can range from lower than 80 (for all category IV saffron) up to 200 or greater (for category I). There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship. There are between 150,000 and 440,000 threads per kilogram (70,000 and 200,000 threads/lb). [2] In August 2018, Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei banned direct talks with the United States. together with the British and the major international oil companies played Several politicians in both countries have claimed the Act is a "stepping stone to war",[155] although the Act prohibits the use of force against Iran. Imperial Russia immediately landed troops in Bandar Anzali, demanding a recourse and apology from the Persian government. Saffron also contributes a luminous yellow-orange colouring to foods. As a result, many Iranians sympathetic to the Persian Constitutional Revolution came to view the US as a "third force" in their struggle to expel British and Russian dominance in Persian affairs. In 2006, the United States passed the Iran Freedom and Support Act, which appropriated millions of dollars for human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in Iran. West Elm offers modern furniture and home decor featuring inspiring designs and colors. 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